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La
motocicletta BMW R-75, o meglio, la BMW R-75 con sidecar (Schweres
Kraftrad 750 cc. mit Seitenwagen), fu senza dubbio la motocicletta
tedesca più famosa della seconda guerra mondiale, con più di 16000
esemplari prodotti.
Fu
largamente usata su tutti i fronti durante la guerra, dal nord Africa
fino alla Russia, e dimostrò di essere estremamente affidabile ed
adattabile ai terreni più ostili. Aveva un motore da 26 hp. a 4
rapporti più retromarcia con trazione sulla ruota posteriore della moto
e quella del sidecar. La R-75 aveva freni idraulici nelle due ruote
motrici e meccanici in quella anteriore ed era dotata di forcella
anteriore telescopica. Il veicolo era principalmente usato come veicolo
da ricognizione, ruolo che fu coperto più avanti dalla VW Kubelwagen.
Molte R-75 avevano un supporto atto ad ospitare una mitragliatrice MG-34
e sulle moto in dotazione agli Africa Korps era solito coprire la parte
posteriore delle mitragliatrici con un telo onde evitare che si
infiltrasse della sabbia. Per caricare le munizioni la moto aveva
bauletti addizionali da montare sul sidecar. Altri due modelli di
motocicletta furono utilizzati durante la guerra, la R-12 e la Zundapp
KS750, entrambe usate sia come normali motociclette o unite ad un
sidecar. Il periodo di
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maggior successo di questi veicoli fu quello
della guerra-lampo (Blitzkrieg), nel quale l’esercito tedesco utilizzò
più motociclette (con o senza sidecar) di qualsiasi
altro esercito di quel tempo. Sebbene fossero usate principalmente per
ricognizioni, furono incredibilmente utili anche per catturare posizioni
chiave non protette, come ponti, guadi o incroci stradali, e spesso
potevano essere utilizzate per inserire un piccolo numero di uomini
dietro le linee nemiche per interrompere movimenti e comunicazioni.
The
BMW R-75 heavy motorcycle, or, more accurately, the BMW R-75 with
sidecar, Schweres Kraftrad 750 cc mit Seitenwagen, was undoubtedly the
most popular German motorcycle of World War Two, with over 16,000 of
them being built.
It was used extensively on all fronts during the war, from North
Africa to Russia, and proved to be extremely reliable and adaptable to
the most hostile terrain. It had a 26 hp engine which drove the rear and
sidecar wheel via a four-speed (and reverse) gearbox. The R-75 had
hydraulic brakes on the drive wheels and mechanical brakes on the front,
and was fitted with telescopic front forks.
The vehicle was
extensively used as a reconnaissance vehicle, a role which was later
taken over by the Kubeiwagen. There were a large number of them fitted
with a bar mount on the sidecar to take an MG34 machine-gun. In service
with the Afrika Korps it was common practice to cover the breech of the
gun with a canvas cover to prevent it from being fouled by the sand. The
vehicle had not only side panniers for ammunition supplies and other
equipment, but also valises mounted on the sidecar to house additional
MG34 machine-gun ammunition. The Germans also used the BMW R-12 heavy
motorcycle which was built between 1935 and 1941. It had a 746 cc
air-cooled 2-cylinder engine and was used either as a solo vehicle or,
in some cases, with a sidecar. The other major German heavy motorcycle
of the period was the Zundapp KS750, which was also widely used and
could be fitted with a sidecar. It had a 751 cc overhead valve
air-cooled engine. The engine drove the rear wheel of the motorcycle as
well as the sidecar in the same way as the BMW R-75.
The heyday of the German heavy motorcycle was during the
Blitzkrieg period of the war, when the German Army employed more
motorcycles and motorcycle combinations than any other army of its time.
Whilst they were primarily used for reconnaissance, they were incredibly
useful in capturing unprotected key positions, such as bridges, fords
and road crossings, and could often be used to insert small numbers of
men behind enemy lines to disrupt movement and communications.
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